Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a patient with long-term spinal cord injury—a case report

Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 2021 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-021-00466-7 · Published: November 16, 2021

Spinal Cord Injury Urology Research Methodology & Design

Simple Explanation

Individuals with spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) are at a higher risk of developing kidney stones compared to the general population. This increased risk can lead to chronic irritation of the urinary tract. Chronic irritation, such as that caused by kidney stones or recurrent infections, is believed to increase the risk of developing renal squamous cell carcinoma (RSCC), a rare and aggressive form of kidney cancer. This case report describes a patient with long-term spinal cord injury who developed RSCC, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring and management of kidney stones in individuals with SCI/D to prevent such complications.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

One 64-year-old male with spinal cord injury

Evidence Level

Level 4, Case Report

Key Findings

1
A 64-year-old male with a spinal cord injury since 1981 and a history of recurrent left-sided kidney stones developed a locally advanced renal squamous cell carcinoma (RSCC).
2
Despite repeated surgical attempts, complete stone clearance was not achieved, and the patient presented with a tumor six months after the last control examination.
3
Histological examination confirmed RSCC, and palliative treatment was the only remaining option due to the advanced stage of the disease.

Research Summary

This case report highlights the rare occurrence of renal squamous cell carcinoma (RSCC) in a patient with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) and a history of recurrent kidney stones. The patient's case underscores the importance of regular monitoring and aggressive management of kidney stones in individuals with SCI/D to prevent potential malignant changes. The delayed diagnosis of RSCC in this patient, despite regular checkups, emphasizes the challenges in early detection and the poor prognosis associated with this type of cancer.

Practical Implications

Enhanced Monitoring

Regular and thorough monitoring of the upper urinary tract in SCI/D patients with a history of kidney stones is crucial for early detection of potential malignant changes.

Aggressive Stone Management

Aiming for complete stone clearance in SCI/D patients is essential to minimize chronic irritation and reduce the risk of RSCC development.

Increased Awareness

Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of RSCC in SCI/D patients with recurrent urinary tract infections and urolithiasis.

Study Limitations

1
Single case report limits generalizability.
2
The rarity of RSCC makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about its association with SCI/D.
3
Delayed diagnosis may have impacted treatment options and outcomes.

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