Regulation of dynamic spatiotemporal inflammation by nanomaterials in spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause sensory and motor impairment. Dynamic changes in inflammatory cells are important for recovery. Nanomaterials can improve treatment by reducing side effects and maintaining drug activity. Current SCI treatments have limitations, including irreversible nerve damage and complications from medication. Nanomaterials offer advantages such as small size, good targeting, and controlled drug release. This review discusses the role of inflammation in SCI, the effects of nanomaterials in treating SCI, and how they regulate inflammation. It also covers the challenges and future prospects of using nanotechnology for immunotherapy.

• 1
  Spatiotemporal dynamic neuroinflammation plays an important role in secondary injury after SCI. Inflammatory cells and mediators have different roles at different stages of inflammation.
• 2
  Nanomaterials can improve SCI treatment efficacy through targeted delivery, responsive release, and improved biocompatibility. They can target specific inflammatory cells and maintain the bioactivity of immune agents during circulation.
• 3
  Different types of nanomaterials, including organic, bioderived, and inorganic, have been investigated for their ability to modulate inflammation and promote tissue repair in SCI models.