Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Retrograde Ejaculation: A Narrative Review

Retrograde ejaculation (RE) happens when semen goes backward into the bladder instead of coming out of the penis during ejaculation. This can lead to infertility and emotional distress. RE can be caused by several things, like diabetes, spinal cord injuries, prostate surgery, medications, and nerve damage. Doctors diagnose RE by checking a patient's history and testing urine samples taken after ejaculation. Treatments include medications, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to help with conception. ART, which involves retrieving sperm from urine, is a good option for those wanting to have children.

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  Diagnosis of RE relies on patient history, lab analysis of post-ejaculatory urine samples, and advanced imaging.
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  Management strategies include pharmacological interventions, surgical approaches, and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).
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  ARTs, particularly with sperm retrieved from post-ejaculatory urine, offer a viable alternative for conception.