Innovative Strategies in 3D Bioprinting for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that damages nerve cells in the spinal cord, leading to loss of movement and sensation. Current treatments offer limited help in restoring function. 3D bioprinting is an innovative approach that creates complex, three-dimensional structures mimicking natural tissues. This offers potential solutions for SCI repair by creating scaffolds that support neural regeneration and functional recovery. This review explores how 3D bioprinting, along with advanced materials and stem cells, can be used to improve the spinal cord microenvironment and promote healing after SCI, offering hope for better regenerative medicine strategies.

• 1
  3D bioprinting enables the precise creation of scaffolds mimicking the spinal cord's structure, with the ability to embed living cells directly, promoting their survival and integration.
• 2
  Conductive scaffolds enhance neural repair by promoting electrical signal transmission, which is crucial for cell interaction, neural stem cell differentiation, and preventing scar tissue formation.
• 3
  Multi-channel conduits, designed to mimic the spinal cord's architecture, guide axonal growth, with channels around 150–200 µm being most effective.