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  4. Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury

Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury

Frontiers in Neurology, 2024 · DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1280225 · Published: January 23, 2024

Spinal Cord InjuryRehabilitationResearch Methodology & Design

Simple Explanation

This study evaluates a tool called the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) for people with non-traumatic spinal cord injuries. The SWAT is used to track how well patients recover their ability to stand and walk. The study checks if the SWAT is a reliable and accurate way to measure progress in these patients. Researchers looked at data from patients undergoing rehabilitation to see if the SWAT scores matched other ways of measuring walking ability. They also wanted to see if changes in SWAT scores reflected actual improvements in a patient's standing and walking skills during their rehabilitation stay. The results suggest that the SWAT is indeed a useful tool for tracking progress and understanding the recovery of standing and walking abilities in people with non-traumatic spinal cord injuries. This can help doctors and therapists make better decisions about treatment and care.

Study Duration
Between 2019 and 2022
Participants
833 adults with spinal cord injury (both traumatic and non-traumatic)
Evidence Level
Not specified

Key Findings

  • 1
    The SWAT has sufficient convergent validity and responsiveness for describing standing and walking recovery and communicating/monitoring rehabilitation progress among patients with NT-SCI/D.
  • 2
    Moderate correlations between SWAT stages and walking measures were observed.
  • 3
    The correlation of hours of gait therapy with the SWAT change (admission to discharge) was 0.44 (p  <  0001).

Research Summary

The study evaluated the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) for individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury or disease (NT-SCI/D) to describe its use, evaluate convergent validity, describe responsiveness, and explore the relationship between hours of walking therapy and SWAT change. The results showed moderate correlations between SWAT stages and walking measures and a correlation of 0.44 (p < 0.0001) between hours of gait therapy and SWAT change from admission to discharge. The study concluded that the SWAT has sufficient convergent validity and responsiveness for describing standing and walking recovery and communicating/monitoring rehabilitation progress among patients with NT-SCI/D.

Practical Implications

Clinical Practice

SWAT can be used to monitor changes in walking ability over time and inform minimum service requirements.

Rehabilitation

SWAT staging brings together commonly used measures of walking and balance and may provide guidance regarding the optimal timing and intensity of rehabilitation.

Research

SWAT addresses the requirement for a uniform method of evaluating the lower extremities appropriate for all individuals with SCI.

Study Limitations

  • 1
    The project plan and analysis were not developed a priori.
  • 2
    The subscales of FIM were not available in our admin data set and thus were not included in the data analysis
  • 3
    The number of missing values for AIS was high among participants with NT-SCI/D patients

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