Unique in vivo properties of olfactory ensheathing cells that may contribute to neural repair and protection following spinal cord injury

Neurosci Lett, 2009 · DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.08.093 · Published: June 12, 2009

Spinal Cord Injury Regenerative Medicine Neurology

Simple Explanation

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are specialized glial cells that guide olfactory receptor axons from the nasal mucosa into the brain where they make synaptic contacts in the olfactory bulb. In vivo transplantation of OECs into injured spinal cord results in improved functional outcome, precise cellular mechanisms underlying this improvement are not fully understood. This review focuses on several unique features of OECs when they are transplanted into the spinal cord.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Animal models of spinal cord injury

Evidence Level

Review

Key Findings

1
OECs build unique cellular tunnels through which axons regenerate across a spinal cord transection lesion site.
2
OECs, but not SCs, migrate extensively in the X-irradiated spinal cord and establish a unique phagocytic phenotype.
3
OECs preloaded into the X-irradiated spinal cord can repair demyelinated lesions induced several weeks later

Research Summary

Transplantation of OECs or SCs into demyelinated or traumatic spinal cord injuries can improve functional outcome. The formation of cellular tunnels by OECs in the transected spinal cord through which axons can regenerate across the lesion site. The ability of OECs, but not SCs to migrate within the X-irradiated spinal cord.

Practical Implications

Cellular Therapy Potential

Differences in OEC and SC in vivo behavior may impact their potential as cellular therapy candidates in SCI.

Myelin Repair Strategies

Enhancing the mobility of myelin-forming cells through normal white matter could have potential therapeutic benefits for demyelinating diseases.

Post-Radiation Myelopathy

OECs might modulate the course of post-radiation necrosis due to their neuroprotective properties and potential for cellular repair.

Study Limitations

1
Controversy exists regarding the relative benefits of OECs and SCs.
2
The molecular mechanisms allowing myelin-forming cells to migrate through normal adult white matter need further understanding.
3
High levels of X-irradiation can lead to post-radiation necrosis.

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