Role of non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in retinoblastoma progression

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood eye cancer where early stages can be controlled but metastasis leads to high mortality. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) affect cell processes like differentiation and proliferation, and their deregulation is linked to cancer, including RB. Some ncRNAs, such as miR-491-3p, act as tumor suppressors in RB, while others, like circ-E2F3, promote tumor growth. Understanding how ncRNAs regulate RB could offer new treatment options. This review discusses the roles of important ncRNAs in RB, their interactions with genes responsible for RB development, and their potential clinical uses for diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy.

• 1
  miR-491-3p acts as a tumor suppressor gene in RB, inhibiting the growth and metastasis of tumors by targeting SNN.
• 2
  miR-340 promotes RB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting WIF1.
• 3
  Circ-E2F3 promotes RB progression via the miR-204-5p/ROCK1 axis.