Progress in the generation of spinal cord organoids over the past decade and future perspectives

Spinal cord organoids are three-dimensional tissues derived from stem cells that mimic the key characteristics of the spinal cord. Advancements in bioengineering have improved cell culture methods, leading to significant progress in spinal cord organoid technology. Current spinal cord organoids can simulate neural tube formation and exhibit diverse cytoarchitecture. Fused organoids with motor neurons show intricate neural circuits for functional assessment, making them valuable for disease modeling and drug screening. Spinal cord organoid technology is still in early stages and not widely used in translational medicine. Future development depends on good manufacturing practice standards, diverse cell phenotypes, and electrophysiological functionality evaluation.

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  Spinal cord organoids dynamically simulate neural tube formation and exhibit diverse cytoarchitecture along the dorsal-ventral and rostral-caudal axes.
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  Fused organoids that integrate motor neurons and regionally specific organoids exhibit intricate neural circuits, allowing for functional assessment.
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  Spinal cord organoids are valuable tools for disease modeling, drug screening, and tissue regeneration, contributing to progress in investigating spinal cord disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.