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  4. Muscle activity, cross-sectional area, and density following passive standing and whole body vibration: A case series

Muscle activity, cross-sectional area, and density following passive standing and whole body vibration: A case series

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2014 · DOI: 10.1179/2045772314Y.0000000255 · Published: January 1, 2014

Spinal Cord InjuryPhysiologyRehabilitation

Simple Explanation

This study looked at whether using a vibrating platform while standing could help muscles in the legs of men with spinal cord injuries. The goal was to see if this therapy could make the muscles more active, bigger, and denser. The men stood on the vibrating platform for 40 weeks, three times a week. Researchers measured the electrical activity in their leg muscles, as well as the size and density of their calf muscles, before and after the therapy. The study found that while the vibration did cause some muscle activity, it wasn't enough to make the muscles stronger or bigger after 40 weeks. The researchers suggest that perhaps stronger vibrations or other methods might be needed to see real changes.

Study Duration
40 weeks
Participants
Seven adult men with chronic motor complete spinal cord injury
Evidence Level
Level 4; Case series

Key Findings

  • 1
    PS-WBV acutely induced EMG activity in lower extremity muscles of SCI subjects.
  • 2
    No significant changes in lower extremity EMG activity, muscle cross-sectional area, or density were observed following the 40-week intervention.
  • 3
    The amount of muscle activity was maintained at the post-intervention measurement (i.e. no difference between the baseline and the post-intervention in all muscles).

Research Summary

This study investigated the effects of intermittent passive standing (PS) and whole body vibration (WBV) on muscle activity, cross-sectional area, and density of lower extremity muscles in individuals with chronic motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Seven men with chronic motor complete SCI completed a 40-week course of thrice-weekly intermittent PS-WBV therapy. EMG, cross-sectional area, and density of calf muscles were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results showed that while PS-WBV acutely induced EMG activity in lower extremity muscles, no significant changes in EMG activity, muscle cross-sectional area, or density were observed following the 40-week intervention.

Practical Implications

Ineffective Intervention

The PS-WBV intervention, as implemented in this study, is not sufficient to enhance muscle activity, cross-sectional area, or density in individuals with motor complete SCI.

Further Research Needed

Future studies should explore alternative WBV intensities, parameters, or interventions in the subacute stages after injury to potentially achieve different results.

Alternate Approaches

The study suggests that WBV may need to be combined with active voluntary exercise or higher intensity stimulation to increase muscle CSA in individuals with complete SCI.

Study Limitations

  • 1
    Lack of a control group limits conclusions about the effect of PS-WBV relative to no intervention.
  • 2
    Small sample size may have limited the statistical power to detect small changes in muscle size or density.
  • 3
    The vibration parameters were selected for tolerance by patients with SCI, potentially limiting the intensity of the intervention.

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