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  4. Metformin promotes angiogenesis and functional recovery in aged mice after spinal cord injury by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway

Metformin promotes angiogenesis and functional recovery in aged mice after spinal cord injury by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway

Neural Regeneration Research, 2023 · DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360245 · Published: November 9, 2022

Spinal Cord InjuryCardiovascular ScienceAging

Simple Explanation

This study investigates the effect of metformin on spinal cord injury in aged mice, focusing on angiogenesis. The researchers hypothesized that metformin promotes blood vessel regeneration in aged mice after spinal cord injury by activating a specific pathway (AMPK/eNOS). The study found that metformin improves neurological function in aged mice after spinal cord injury by promoting blood vessel formation via the AMPK/eNOS pathway.

Study Duration
56 days
Participants
Young (n=27) and aged (n=132) male C57BL/6J mice
Evidence Level
Not specified

Key Findings

  • 1
    Aging hinders neurological function recovery and blood vessel formation in the spinal cord after injury.
  • 2
    Metformin promotes spinal cord microvascular endothelial cell migration and blood vessel formation in vitro.
  • 3
    Inhibition of the AMPK/eNOS pathway reverses the pro-angiogenic effects of metformin on SCMECs.

Research Summary

This study demonstrates that aging impairs neurological recovery and angiogenesis following spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. Metformin, a common drug for type 2 diabetes, was found to promote angiogenesis and improve neurological function in aged mice after SCI. The pro-angiogenic effects of metformin were mediated by the AMPK/eNOS pathway, as inhibition of this pathway reversed the benefits of metformin.

Practical Implications

Therapeutic Potential

Metformin shows promise as a therapeutic agent for promoting angiogenesis and functional recovery in aged individuals after spinal cord injury.

Targeting AMPK/eNOS Pathway

The AMPK/eNOS pathway may be a valuable target for developing therapies to enhance vascular regeneration and neurological outcomes after SCI.

Understanding Aging Effects

Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which aging impacts angiogenesis and recovery after SCI, which could lead to more targeted interventions.

Study Limitations

  • 1
    The study used 18-month-old mice, and older mice may be more relevant.
  • 2
    The study focused only on the AMPK/eNOS pathway.
  • 3
    Noninvasive imaging technologies should be used in future studies.

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