Linking spinal cord injury rehabilitation between the World Wars: The R. Tait McKenzie legacy

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2017 · DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1370522 · Published: January 1, 2017

Spinal Cord Injury Trauma Rehabilitation

Simple Explanation

This article discusses the origins of spinal cord injury (SCI) medicine and rehabilitation, tracing its roots to the First World War and the work of pioneers like R. Tait McKenzie. R. Tait McKenzie, a Canadian physician, played a key role in military and rehabilitation medicine, influencing the development of comprehensive care approaches. The lessons learned from World War I, particularly in peripheral nerve injury (PNI) centers, influenced the development of SCI care and rehabilitation programs after World War II, notably in Canada.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Veterans with spinal cord injuries

Evidence Level

Historical Review

Key Findings

1
R. Tait McKenzie's work in physical therapy and rehabilitation during World War I significantly influenced the development of comprehensive care models for soldiers with neurological injuries.
2
The categorical approach to treating peripheral nerve injuries in World War I served as a model for the development of specialized SCI centers after World War II.
3
The Canadian model of SCI care, spearheaded by Botterell, Jousse, and Counsell, provided comprehensive long-term care for veterans, civilians, women, and children, surpassing the scope of services in the US.

Research Summary

This article explores the historical roots of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation, focusing on the contributions of R. Tait McKenzie and the influence of World War I medical practices. The development of categorical treatment centers for peripheral nerve injuries during World War I laid the groundwork for similar specialized services for SCI in World War II. The Canadian model of SCI care, driven by consumer needs and the lessons learned from past failures, has been a leading example of comprehensive long-term care.

Practical Implications

Historical Perspective

Understanding the historical development of SCI rehabilitation can inform current practices and future improvements.

Comprehensive Care Models

The success of comprehensive care models, as demonstrated by the Canadian system, highlights the importance of integrated services for SCI patients.

Consumer-Driven Care

The involvement of consumers and veterans in shaping SCI care programs is crucial for addressing their needs and aspirations.

Study Limitations

1
Inadequate follow-up and metrics for recovery after World War I hindered the progress of peripheral nerve injury treatment.
2
The lack of qualified physicians to report on recovery and rehabilitation following World War I limited the documentation of Frazier’s peripheral nerve clinical and research centers.
3
The expert comprehensive centers established in the US and Canada in response to World War I disappeared due to a failure to anticipate future needs.

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