Induced pluripotent stem cell technology for spinal cord injury: a promising alternative therapy

Neural Regen Res, 2021 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.303013 · Published: August 1, 2021

Spinal Cord Injury Regenerative Medicine

Simple Explanation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant challenge due to the difficulty in treatment and increasing prevalence, leading to long-term complications that cause mental and economic burdens for patients. Current treatments for SCI range from medication and surgery to cell therapy and rehabilitation. This review focuses on stem cell therapy, especially induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), for SCI. IPSCs can develop into neural cell precursors at the injury site and have great potential for SCI therapy. The review explores the characteristics and action modes of relevant cell types in stem cell therapy.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Animal models and human clinical trials reviewed

Evidence Level

Review

Key Findings

1
Neurons are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body, and their repair is critical for restoring voluntary movement below the injury site in SCI patients.
2
Astrocytes play a dual role after SCI; they limit the spread of toxic factors but also inhibit axon reconnection. Recent studies suggest their advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
3
Oligodendrocytes and their precursor cells (OPCs) are essential for myelinating axons and promoting efficient signal transmission. Their death after SCI leads to demyelination and further complications.

Research Summary

This review discusses stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, focusing on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their potential to differentiate into neural cell precursors at the injury site. The review covers various cell types involved in SCI repair, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, highlighting their roles and interactions in the injury and recovery processes. The paper concludes that iPSC technology holds promise for SCI treatment due to its ability to overcome limitations of other cell therapies and its potential for personalized medicine, while also addressing limitations such as tumor risk and low induction efficiency.

Practical Implications

Personalized Medicine

IPSC technology allows for the creation of patient-specific cells, reducing the risk of immune rejection and increasing the potential for successful integration and repair.

Therapeutic Development

Further research into iPSC-based therapies can lead to the development of effective treatments for SCI, addressing issues such as source restriction and integration into the host nervous system.

Clinical Translation

The review highlights the need for standardized protocols and rigorous clinical trials to ensure the safety and efficacy of iPSC therapies for SCI patients, paving the way for future clinical applications.

Study Limitations

1
Tumor formation risk associated with iPSC use
2
Low induction efficiency of iPSC generation
3
Challenges in achieving complete functional recovery with cell therapies alone

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