Implant Materials for Anterior Column Reconstruction of Cervical Spine Tumor

Orthopaedic Surgery, 2023 · DOI: 10.1111/os.13702 · Published: May 1, 2023

Simple Explanation

The review discusses various implant materials used for anterior column reconstruction following cervical spine tumor resection. These materials must possess properties like biocompatibility and long-term mechanical strength. The choice of material can significantly impact surgical outcomes and patient prognosis. Autogenous and allogenic bone grafts are among the ﬁrst bone graft types used and are still frequently used today. Autologous bone graft means transplanting bone from one anatomical site of the patient to another site. Bioactive ceramics, such as calcium silicate (CS), hydroxyapatite (HAP), and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) have been profusely studied for their ability to form direct bonds with living bone after implantation in bone defects.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Not specified

Evidence Level

Review Article

Key Findings

1
Autogenous bone is osteogenic, retains complete histocompatibility, provides structural support, and has no risk of disease transmission.
2
Allogenic bone offers advantages in operative time and bleeding control and avoids donor site complications associated with autogenous bone.
3
3D-printed vertebral bodies allow for personalized customization and rapid prototyping of complex geometries, potentially leading to lower subsidence and pseudoarthrosis rates.

Research Summary

This review provides an overview of implant materials used in anterior cervical spine reconstruction after tumor resection, covering their properties, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical applications. The paper highlights the evolution of implant materials from autogenous bone to advanced materials like bioactive ceramics, PEEK, and 3D-printed vertebral bodies, each with unique characteristics and applications. The authors conclude that the selection of the most appropriate implant material depends on specific clinical conditions and that ongoing research will continue to improve outcomes in cervical spine anterior column reconstruction.

Practical Implications

Surgical Planning

Surgeons can use the review to inform their choice of implant material based on the specific needs of the patient and the tumor characteristics.

Future Research

The review identifies areas for further research, such as optimizing the bioactivity of PEEK and exploring the use of 3D-printed porous PEEK.

Material Development

The information presented can guide the development of new and improved implant materials with enhanced biocompatibility and mechanical properties.

Study Limitations

1
The review relies on published literature, which may be subject to publication bias.
2
The optimal implant material remains elusive, as each has its own limitations.
3
Long-term clinical outcomes for some of the newer implant materials, such as 3D-printed porous PEEK, are still lacking.

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