Heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury: prevention and treatment – a sistematic review

Spinal cord injuries can lead to various complications, including heterotopic ossification (HO), where bone forms in soft tissues around joints. This review examines current research on treatments and preventions for HO in spinal cord injury patients. The review found that NSAIDs are effective for preventing HO when given soon after the injury. For established HO causing stiffness, surgery can help, but it carries a risk of infection. Radiotherapy shows promise in early HO cases, but not for recurrent HO or when combined with surgery. Consistent follow-up and management of other health issues are important for these patients.

• 1
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the best method for preventing heterotopic ossification if administered in the acute period after spinal cord injury.
• 2
  Surgical resection is effective for treating established HO, especially when combined with NSAIDs, but it has a high rate of postoperative complications, particularly infections.
• 3
  Radiotherapy (RT) shows promise for early-stage HO but is not effective when combined with surgical resection or in cases of recurrence.