Exosomes derived from CD271+CD56+ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell subpopoulation identified by single-cell RNA sequencing promote axon regeneration after spinal cord injury

This study explores a new way to treat spinal cord injuries by using special particles called exosomes from a specific group of stem cells found in bone marrow. These stem cells are called CD271+CD56+ BMSCs. The researchers discovered that exosomes from these specific stem cells can help damaged nerve fibers (axons) regenerate, which is important for recovering movement and feeling after a spinal cord injury. To improve the delivery of these exosomes, they were put into a hydrogel, which is like a supportive gel that can be injected into the injured area to slowly release the exosomes and help the spinal cord heal.

• 1
  CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos hydrogel implantation increased expression of NF and synaptophysin, markers of axon regeneration and synapse formation, respectively, in an SCI model.
• 2
  In vitro experiments showed that CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos significantly enhanced axon extension distance and increased the number of branches in dorsal root ganglion axons.
• 3
  The miR-431-3p/RGMA axis was identified as crucial in CD271+CD56+ BMSC-Exos-mediated axon regeneration.