Epidemiological characteristics and early complications after spinal cord injury in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Spinal Cord, 2020 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-019-0342-9 · Published: August 19, 2019

Simple Explanation

This study examines the incidence, causes, and early complications of traumatic spinal cord injuries (tSCI) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). It looks at data from patients admitted to a major trauma center. The research aims to identify issues relevant to preventing tSCI in FYROM and to highlight areas needing improvement in acute care following such injuries. The findings suggest that preventive measures should focus on traffic accidents, falls (especially work-related), and diving accidents. The high mortality rate also points to the need for better acute care and rehabilitation services.

Study Duration

18 months

Participants

38 tSCI patients

Evidence Level

Prospective cohort study

Key Findings

1
The annual incidence of tSCI in FYROM was found to be 13 persons per million inhabitants.
2
Traffic accidents (42%) and falls (40%) were the most frequent causes of tSCI.
3
The in-hospital mortality rate was high at 32%, with a particularly high mortality rate (90%) among patients over 60 years of age.

Research Summary

This study presents epidemiological data on traumatic spinal cord injuries (tSCI) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) from March 2015 to August 2016. The study found an incidence of 13 persons with tSCI per million inhabitants per year. It also describes demographic data, hospital length of stay, past illnesses, injury-related information, and mortality. Key findings include a high mortality rate (32%) and frequent complications such as pressure ulcers and infections, highlighting the need for improved acute care and rehabilitation services.

Practical Implications

Preventive Measures

Focus on reducing traffic accidents through stricter enforcement of speed limits and promoting the use of safety belts. Implement safety measures at construction sites and in agricultural settings to prevent falls.

Improved Acute Care

Enhance acute care protocols for tSCI patients, particularly those with polytrauma and those requiring mechanical ventilation. Improve management of complications such as pressure ulcers and infections.

Rehabilitation Services

Establish centralized rehabilitation centers to provide comprehensive care for SCI patients after discharge from acute care hospitals. Educate patients on self-care and preventive measures to improve long-term outcomes.

Study Limitations

1
Small sample size
2
Deaths at the scene of accidents were not reported, potentially underreporting the yearly incidence of tSCI
3
Lack of routine autopsies makes the cause of death uncertain

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