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  4. Circulating T cell subsets are altered in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

Circulating T cell subsets are altered in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

Immunol Res, 2015 · DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8698-1 · Published: October 6, 2015

Spinal Cord InjuryImmunology

Simple Explanation

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces changes in the immune system, both acutely and chronically. The study examines immune system parameters, including peripheral immune cell populations, in individuals with chronic SCI as compared to uninjured individuals. The mechanisms that contribute to immune dysfunction in individuals with SCI are currently unclear and likely to be multifactorial. Some aspects of immune dysfunction, particularly the high susceptibility to infection, have been partially attributed to neurogenic bowel and bladder effects. This study characterized T cells and regulatory T cells in individuals with chronic SCI (C1 year from initial SCI) as compared to uninjured individuals, using current molecular definitions of T cell subsets.

Study Duration
Not specified
Participants
22 SCI, 11 uninjured for T cell analysis; 19 SCI, 11 uninjured for Treg analysis, all male
Evidence Level
Level 3; Prospective, observational study

Key Findings

  • 1
    The frequency of CD3? and CD3? CD4? T cells are decreased in individuals with chronic SCI compared to uninjured individuals.
  • 2
    Activated (HLA-DR?) CD4? T cells are elevated in chronic SCI, particularly in individuals with neurologically complete injuries or injury levels at T5 and above.
  • 3
    CCR4?, HLA-DR? or CCR4? HLA-DR? Tregs are expanded in individuals with SCI, providing the first evidence of this.

Research Summary

This study investigates the alterations in circulating T cell subsets in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) compared to uninjured individuals, focusing on T cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) populations. The key findings include decreased frequencies of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells, elevated levels of activated CD4+ T cells (HLA-DR+), and expanded populations of CCR4+, HLA-DR+, or CCR4+ HLA-DR+ Tregs in individuals with chronic SCI. These disruptions in T cell homeostasis may contribute to immune dysfunction in chronic SCI, potentially affecting susceptibility to infections and the persistence of chronic inflammation.

Practical Implications

Infection Susceptibility

Altered T cell subsets in chronic SCI may be relevant to infection susceptibility among this population.

Immunosuppression and Immune Dysfunction

The findings may relate to other manifestations of immunosuppression or immune system dysfunction observed in chronic SCI.

Future Research

Additional studies are needed to evaluate the relevance of these findings to the general SCI population and investigate functional activities of altered T cell subsets.

Study Limitations

  • 1
    Relatively small cohort size and unequal gender distribution (only male data described).
  • 2
    Varied time from initial injury among SCI participants.
  • 3
    Lack of data on acute SCI in the same individuals, rehabilitation programs, or general activity levels.

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