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  4. Case Report: Description of two fractures during the use of a powered exoskeleton

Case Report: Description of two fractures during the use of a powered exoskeleton

Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 2019 · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-019-0244-2 · Published: October 30, 2019

Spinal Cord InjuryAssistive TechnologyRehabilitation

Simple Explanation

This article reports two cases of bone fractures during exoskeleton usage: one during home use and one during an in-hospital training session. The first case concerns a 47-year-old woman with T12 AIS A SCI. Her exoskeleton shut down unexpectedly probably causing a misalignment of the joints of her lower extremities relative to the joints of the exoskeleton, which resulted in a fracture of her left tibia. The second case involves a 39-year-old man with L1 AIS B SCI. An unexpected fracture of the right distal tibia occurred without a specific prior (traumatic) incident.

Study Duration
Not specified
Participants
Two individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI)
Evidence Level
Case Report

Key Findings

  • 1
    Unexpected shutdown of exoskeleton can cause misalignment and fractures. The first case involved a woman whose exoskeleton shut down unexpectedly, leading to a fracture due to misalignment of joints.
  • 2
    Fractures can occur even without a specific incident. The second case involved a man who experienced a fracture during training without any specific traumatic event.
  • 3
    Proper alignment and awareness of osteoporosis are crucial. The study emphasizes the importance of proper alignment of the exoskeleton and awareness of the risk of fractures in individuals with osteopenia or osteoporosis.

Research Summary

This case report describes two instances of bone fractures that occurred during the use of powered exoskeletons by individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI). The first case involved a woman with T12 AIS A SCI who sustained a tibial fracture after her exoskeleton unexpectedly shut down, leading to joint misalignment. The second case involved a man with L1 AIS B SCI who experienced a distal tibial fracture during an in-hospital training session without a specific prior incident. The authors emphasize the need for enhanced safety training, proper alignment of the exoskeleton, and awareness of potential stress fractures, especially in individuals with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Regular checks for swelling or discoloration of the skin are also recommended to detect fractures early.

Practical Implications

Enhanced Safety Training

Exoskeleton training programs should incorporate specific instructions for handling unexpected situations, such as software problems or accidental shutdowns.

Proper Alignment Procedures

Maintaining proper alignment of the exoskeleton relative to the body is crucial. Regular checks should be performed before and after transitions and after any 'graceful collapse' motions.

Osteoporosis Screening and Awareness

Healthcare providers should be aware of the increased risk of fractures in individuals with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Regular monitoring of lower extremities and prompt radiographic examination in case of swelling or discoloration is recommended.

Study Limitations

  • 1
    Small sample size (two cases)
  • 2
    Lack of controlled study design
  • 3
    Limited generalizability

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