The rights and wrongs of blood-brain barrier permeability studies: a walk through 100 years of history

Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2014 · DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00404 · Published: December 16, 2014

Simple Explanation

This review article challenges common misconceptions about the blood-brain barrier (BBB), particularly the belief that it is immature or leaky in embryos and fetuses. By examining historical studies, the authors argue that the BBB is functionally competent early in development and that the idea of its immaturity has hindered research. The review emphasizes the importance of accurate evidence for advising pregnant women about medications and understanding brain development.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Not specified

Evidence Level

Review Article

Key Findings

1
Ehrlich did not believe cerebral blood vessels had different permeability than other organs.
2
The term 'blood-brain barrier' was first used by Stern, not Lewandowsky.
3
Dye injection experiments suggesting BBB immaturity were often flawed due to excessive substance volumes.

Research Summary

The review challenges long-held misconceptions regarding the history and functionality of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), particularly in developing organisms. It highlights misinterpretations of early experiments and argues that the BBB is functionally competent early in development, contrary to the widespread belief in its immaturity. The authors emphasize the importance of accurate information on BBB function for clinical decision-making and further research in brain development and drug delivery.

Practical Implications

Reframing Research

The debunking of the 'immature BBB' myth can redirect research towards understanding specific transport mechanisms and barrier functions at different developmental stages.

Informed Clinical Decisions

Better understanding of BBB functionality during pregnancy can lead to more informed decisions about medication use, balancing maternal health with fetal safety.

Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Correcting misconceptions about BBB immaturity can improve risk assessments for environmental toxins and drug exposures during development.

Study Limitations

1
The review is limited by its focus on historical studies, potentially overlooking more recent findings.
2
Interpretation of early experiments is subject to bias due to limitations in methodologies and data.
3
The review primarily addresses BBB permeability, while other aspects of brain barrier functionality might be relevant.

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