Spinal Cord Research Help
AboutCategoriesLatest ResearchContact
Subscribe
Spinal Cord Research Help

Making Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Research Accessible to Everyone. Simplified summaries of the latest research, designed for patients, caregivers and anybody who's interested.

Quick Links

  • Home
  • About
  • Categories
  • Latest Research
  • Disclaimer

Contact

  • Contact Us
© 2025 Spinal Cord Research Help

All rights reserved.

  1. Home
  2. Research
  3. Aging
  4. The Blood–Brain Barrier and Its Intercellular Junctions in Age-Related Brain Disorders

The Blood–Brain Barrier and Its Intercellular Junctions in Age-Related Brain Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019 · DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215472 · Published: November 3, 2019

AgingNeurologyGenetics

Simple Explanation

Cognitive skills decline with age, potentially leading to neurodegenerative disorders linked to brain microvasculature health. When the microvasculature malfunctions, it causes ischemia, hypoxia and oxidative stress that further damage vascular and neural functions. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates molecule movement between blood circulation and brain parenchyma. Tight junctions (TJs), multiprotein complexes, are vital for maintaining this barrier function. Barrier dysfunction is a common factor in neurological disorders, emphasizing the need to study the molecular mechanisms behind it. Identifying similarities and differences in BBB injury across disorders could lead to new therapies to improve life during aging.

Study Duration
Not specified
Participants
Not specified
Evidence Level
Review

Key Findings

  • 1
    Aging negatively impacts BBB function, increasing paracellular permeability in the aged human brain.
  • 2
    Estrogen decline affects BBB integrity, with disrupted claudin 5 distribution observed in postmenopausal women.
  • 3
    Loss of pericytes, which regulate TJ protein expression, contributes to aging-associated TJ dysregulation.

Research Summary

The review focuses on the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its tight junctions (TJs) in age-related brain disorders. It discusses how age, age-related pathologies, and immune system aging affect TJs, particularly in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The review also covers the TJ aspects of Huntington’s disease and schizophrenia, highlighting barrier dysfunction as a common denominator in neurological disorders.

Practical Implications

Therapeutic Development

Understanding the commonalities and differences in the pathomechanism of BBB injury can lead to new therapies for neurological disorders.

Early Diagnosis

Detecting BBB dysfunction early may help in the early diagnosis and management of age-related cognitive decline.

Targeted Interventions

Targeting specific intercellular communication pathways in the neurovascular unit can alleviate age-related impairments.

Study Limitations

  • 1
    Limited data on TJ function in healthy aging human brains.
  • 2
    Heterogeneity in BBB disruption data in aging postmortem brain tissue.
  • 3
    Reliability of existing TJ data has been questioned.

Your Feedback

Was this summary helpful?

Back to Aging