Stem Cell Therapies for Restorative Treatments of Central Nervous System Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Ischemic damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is a catastrophic postoperative complication of aortic occlusion subsequent to cardiovascular surgery that can cause brain impairment and sometimes even paraplegia. Given the limited ability of the CNS to repair itself, it is of great clinical value to make full use of the proliferative and differentiation potential of stem cells to repair nerves in degenerated and necrotic regions by stem cell transplantation or mobilization This review summarizes the most recent advances in stem cell therapy for ischemia–reperfusion injury in the brain and spinal cord, aiming to advance basic research and the clinical use of stem cell therapy as a promising treatment for this condition.

• 1
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and can differentiate into any type of cell and exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and tissue repair properties.
• 2
  Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and can effectively replace damaged nerve tissue and form synaptic associations with host neurons.
• 3
  Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have reproductive potential and can differentiate directly into glutamate neurons, motor neurons, and GABAergic neurons, making them a viable therapeutic option for treating cerebral ischemia injury