Serum S100-Beta as a Biomarker for Neurological Recovery in Acute Spinal Cord Injury (ASCI): A Prospective Case-Control Study

Cureus, 2025 · DOI: 10.7759/cureus.79202 · Published: February 18, 2025

Simple Explanation

This study investigates S100-beta (S100B), a protein, as a potential marker for assessing the severity and recovery of acute spinal cord injury (ASCI). The study compares S100B levels in patients with ASCI to healthy individuals. The researchers measured S100B levels in blood samples taken at baseline, two weeks, and six weeks after the injury. They also assessed neurological recovery using a standard scale. The findings suggest that S100B levels are higher in ASCI patients, especially those with more severe injuries, and that these levels normalize over time as the patients recover.

Study Duration

One year

Participants

26 ASCI patients and 26 healthy controls

Evidence Level

Level 3: Prospective Case-Control Study

Key Findings

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Serum S100B levels in ASCI patients were significantly higher than controls at baseline and two weeks, normalizing after six weeks.
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S100B levels were higher in paraplegia cases compared to paraparesis cases, indicating a correlation with injury severity.
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Elevated S100B levels correlated with greater injury severity and poorer neurological outcomes.

Research Summary

This prospective case-control study evaluated serum S100B levels in ASCI patients and healthy controls to assess its potential as a biomarker for injury severity and neurological recovery. The study found significantly elevated S100B levels in ASCI patients at baseline and two weeks, with levels normalizing by six weeks. Higher S100B levels correlated with more severe injuries (paraplegia) and poorer outcomes. The authors conclude that S100B shows promise as a biomarker for early ASCI assessment, enabling tailored treatment strategies; however, they recommend larger-scale studies to confirm its clinical utility.

Practical Implications

Early Diagnosis

S100B can potentially aid in the early diagnosis and assessment of ASCI severity.

Prognostic Indicator

S100B levels can serve as a prognostic indicator for neurological recovery.

Tailored Treatment

Monitoring S100B levels can help tailor treatment strategies for ASCI patients.

Study Limitations

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