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  4. Role of Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From an Epigenetic Perspective

Role of Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From an Epigenetic Perspective

Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 2021 · DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688789 · Published: August 27, 2021

NeurologyGenetics

Simple Explanation

Mitochondria, the energy centers of cells, participate in epigenetic regulation of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria can influence nuclear epigenome using metabolites like acetyl-CoA and NAD+. Abnormal modification of mitochondrial DNA contributes to disease development via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Study Duration
Not specified
Participants
Not specified
Evidence Level
Review

Key Findings

  • 1
    Nuclear epigenome affects mitochondrial function, influencing diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and ALS.
  • 2
    Mitochondrial DNA methylation levels change dynamically with the development of AD, PD, and ALS.
  • 3
    Non-coding RNAs regulate mitochondrial function, influencing the progression or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Research Summary

Mitochondria participate in epigenetic regulation of neurodegenerative diseases through bidirectional communication with the nucleus. Mitochondrial DNA methylation and metabolites indirectly affect histone acetylation/deacetylation. Non-coding RNAs influence mitochondrial homeostasis, impacting neurodegenerative disease progression.

Practical Implications

Therapeutic Potential

Targeting mtDNA methylation may offer therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.

Diagnostic Biomarkers

Fluctuations in mtDNA methylation levels could serve as epigenetic biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.

Drug Development

Further research is required to research and development of mitochondria-specific drugs.

Study Limitations

  • 1
    Lack of functional studies on mtDNA methylation.
  • 2
    Limited understanding of the sources of acyl-CoA and NAD+ involved in histone modification.
  • 3
    Mechanism of mitochondrial DNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases requires further study.

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