Regenerative medicine in orthopedics using cells, scaffold, and microRNA

Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors are important for tissue regeneration. Advances in science have improved these factors for clinical use. Researchers have investigated tissue regeneration using cells, scaffolds, and delivery systems in animal models of musculoskeletal disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in biological processes and diseases, and are being studied for regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are used as cell sources for musculoskeletal regeneration because they are accessible and safe. A cell-delivery system using magnetic force helps accumulate cells at the desired site, leading to less invasive and more effective therapy. Administering synthetic miRNA can also enhance tissue regeneration.

• 1
  The use of cells combined with a cell-delivery system, miRNA, scaffold, and cytokines has led to effective regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues including cartilage, bone, ligaments, muscle, peripheral nerves, and spinal cord.
• 2
  A magnetic targeting system can enhance the regenerative effect of transplanted CD133+ cells in muscle injury repair, promoting angiogenesis and myogenesis while inhibiting fibrous scar formation.
• 3
  Local injection of miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206 could enhance muscle regeneration without cell implantation, effectively preventing fibrosis and increasing blood vessels in regenerated muscle.