Inflammation and immunomodulation in central nervous system injury – B cells as a novel therapeutic opportunity

Neurobiol Dis., 2023 · DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106077 · Published: May 1, 2023

Simple Explanation

Acute injuries to the brain and spinal cord are a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Current treatments mainly focus on immediate care, with few options to address long-term disability. Inflammation after CNS injury can worsen damage. This review focuses on the role of B cells, a type of immune cell, in managing this inflammation and promoting healing. B cells can help regulate the immune response and might be used as a new therapy to improve recovery after CNS injuries.

Study Duration

Not specified

Participants

Not specified

Evidence Level

Review

Key Findings

1
Endogenous B cells play a significant beneficial role in the regulation of neuroinflammation following acute injury to the central nervous system
2
B cells have complex beneficial and pathogenic associations in autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system
3
Therapeutic application of exogenous B cells is associated with beneficial outcomes in diverse models of acute and chronic tissue injury, both within and outside the CNS

Research Summary

This review explores the multifaceted role of B cells in CNS injury, focusing on their potential as immunomodulatory therapeutics. It examines the complex dynamics of neuroinflammation following CNS injury, with a particular focus on the underexplored roles of B lymphocytes. The review also discusses recent advancements in understanding the direct, antibody-independent immunomodulatory effects that B cells can initiate, highlighting their potential for therapeutic application.

Practical Implications

Therapeutic Potential

B cells may be a novel target for immunomodulatory therapies for CNS injury.

Clinical Feasibility

B cells are easily accessible and can be prepared for therapeutic delivery, making them an attractive option for autologous cell therapy.

Routes of Administration

Both intravenous and intraparenchymal delivery of exogenous B cells have shown therapeutic benefits in preclinical studies.

Study Limitations

1
The role of autoantibodies in pathology progression is not well established.
2
Further research is required to fully characterize B cell function in different types of acute and chronic CNS injury.
3
More studies are needed to elucidate cellular mechanisms of action of B cell therapy, including responsive cellular subtypes, optimal therapeutic dosing and regimen, in vivo pharmacokinetics.

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