Channelrhodopsins: visual regeneration and neural activation by a light switch

Optogenetics allows remote manipulation of cellular functions in living organisms using light and genetic modification. Channelrhodopsins (ChR) are light-sensitive proteins that act as ion channels, opening upon exposure to light and causing cell activation. ChR2, a specific type, allows for very rapid cell depolarization. Introducing ChR2 into retinal ganglion cells can restore visual perception in mice suffering from retinal degeneration, demonstrating the potential of optogenetics in treating blindness.

• 1
  Optogenetic tools, particularly channelrhodopsins, can be used to control neural circuits and restore function in various tissues.
• 2
  ChR2 can reinstate visual perception in mice with retinal degeneration by expressing them in retinal ganglion cells.
• 3
  Integration of ChR2 into various tissues of mice can control heart muscle contractions, and even restore breathing after spinal cord injury.